Christine Ladd-Franklin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Christine Ladd-Franklin - Research Paper Example Foundation Christine Ladd-Franklin was conceived on first December 1847 in Windsor Connecticut. She was the most seasoned offspring of her folks Eliphalet and Augusta (Niles) Ladd and was affectionately called Kitty. She had a sibling, Henry Ladd and a sister Jane Augusta Ladd McCordia. Christine had the chance to go to women’s rights addresses from her prior ages since her mom Augusta, and her auntie Juliet Niles were enthusiastic supporters of women’s rights developments; and these talk classes made Christine a solid women’s rights supporter and she accepted that lady must get equivalent norms as that of a man in each period of public activity (Furumoto, 1992, p.176). By virtue of her mother’s passing, she had to move to Portsmouth where her father’s home was arranged. She participated in Wesleyan Academy so as to go to the course for Harvard, which was commonly gone to by young men. Christine had got the opportunity to proceed with her training a t Vassar College despite the fact that she confronted protestations from her family at the previous stages. Throughout her examination at Vassar College, Christine was headed to move to Utica in order to defeat her budgetary challenges by procuring cash from instructing. From Utica, she found the opportunity to manage different dialects, trigonometry, and plant examples and it expanded her scholarly gifts. In any event, over the span of her examinations, Christine had proceeded with her women’s right exercises with all backings from her dad and auntie. She came back to Vassar College to finish her examinations, where she met a female stargazing teacher, Maria Mitchell. Mitchell persuaded Christine to build her insight in arithmetic and science and it affected Christine a ton. She functioned as a teacher of arithmetic and science in auxiliary schools in Pennsylvania for a long time after she had finished her graduation course from Vassar College. She applied to Johns Hopkins U niversity for her advanced education and got affirmation on the quality of her previous works despite the fact that she confronted certain limitations from the college. In 1882, Christine wedded Fabian Franklin who was the more youthful workforce of John Hopkins math office. Christine distributed some splendid papers in American Journal of Mathematics and continuously her inclinations went to rationale subjects. Despite the fact that she had totally satisfied the conditions for the Ph. D, she didn't get it until 1926. Christine became popular essentially on the ground of her hypothesis of shading vision wherein she characterized scientific just as mental points of view for her idea. She went with her better half Fabian Franklin when he took a vacation to Europe and it caused Christine to proceed with her exploration in Professor G. E. Muller’s research center without getting influenced by limitations in German colleges. In the wake of finishing her examination concentrates in Muller’s research facility, she went to Berlin where she was conceded in the Hermann von Helmholtz’s lab (Rossiter, 1982, p.43). Christine’s works in various labs with various resources empowered her to contribute a ton in the field of brain science. She introduced her hypothesis at International Congress of Psychology held in London in 1892; it gave incredible acclaim in the realm of brain research. She went about as the partner editorial manager in Baldwin’s Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology for the time of 1901 to 1905. In 1904, Johns Hopkins allowed Christine to address one

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Feline Question: Do adjusted scorecards increment execution in associations? †¢ Management challenge and research question The exploration question is the point at which an association has actualized a decent scorecard does execution improve inside an association? Numerous associations have adjusted scorecards that contain measurements that don't really add to expanded execution. They may likewise attempt to quantify zones that are difficult or difficult to gauge like qualities or commitment. What's more, associations may concentrate more on complying with achievements or time constraints of exercises as opposed to accomplishing the ideal results of the activity. Another issue is that associations may concentrate exclusively on the measures on the decent scorecard while disregarding other significant operational activities. In conclusion, adjusted scorecards may build association execution because of the Hawthorne impact or the eyewitness hope impact that claims people will change their conduct when it is being estimated as a reaction to the way that they realize they are being considered. Studies have additionally demonstrated that superior might be reflected through the decent scorecard, however this is to a greater extent an impression of the manager’s relationship with a specific worker than it is of the result of a specific activity. †¢ Results/proof outline (counting restrictions of research found, assuming any) Study in the Journal of Management Accounting Research (Ittner and Larcker, 1998) overviewed the viability of the fair scorecard versus execution estimation strategies utilized previously. The outcomes demonstrated that lone 5% of respondents thought the reasonable scorecard approach was essentially higher in its adequacy. In the International Journal of Business Administration, a ... ...mance. There are a few factors that assume a job in this perception, a significant number of which have to do with the idea of the reasonable scorecard model. To start with, adjusted scorecards make an environment where execution is being taken a gander at and regularly when an individual’s execution is being checked, they are progressively helpless to the spectator hope impact that implies these people invest more energy. Second, adjusted scorecards increment the responsibility of administrators. These add to chiefs â€Å"walking the talk† so their staff and others see them â€Å"living’ the equalizations scorecard. Third, when putting measures, destinations and activities on the fair scorecard this features their significance. This thusly carries more regard for accomplishing the correct result and expands execution, yet just when the best possible destinations, activities and measures have been chosen.

Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us Research Paper Example

Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us Paper Kayla Benware Professor Donnelly History 202 Research Paper Fall 2011 Women’s Suffrage Movement Impact on the United States Woman testimonial in the United States was accomplished progressively through the nineteenth and mid twentieth Century. The women’s testimonial development closed in 1920 with a well known entry of the nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which expressed: â€Å"The right of residents of the United States to cast a ballot will not be denied or condensed by the United States or by any State by virtue of sex. In the repercussions of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, which requested the rights for women’s testimonial, most Americans dismissed the development since individuals didn't need the United States framework to change when it was unmistakably working, ladies previously had a set job and obligation in nearby issues, and on the grounds that people were essentially seen as having various capacities and abilities in the public arena. Albeit numerous Americans were against women’s testimonial, the development brought progress towards correspondence, related social and political change, and prompted many key occasions that decidedly permitted ladies to achieve social change. The first women’s rights show was held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. After two days, a Declaration of Sentiments was marked by 68 ladies and 32 men. This delineated all the treacheries and permitted the women’s rights development to start. Twelve goals were received, calling for equivalent treatment of ladies and men under the law and casting a ballot rights for ladies. In 1850, the principal national Women’s Rights Convention occurred in Worcester, Massachusetts. In excess of 1,000 members came and yearly national shows were held a while later entirely through 1860. Probably the most powerful ladies in history were Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. In 1869, they shaped the National Woman Suffrage Association, with the objective to achieve casting a ballot rights for ladies through a correction to the Constitution. In Letters of a Nation, Elizabeth Cady Stanton composes a letter to Susan B. Anthony about altering their women's activist paper, â€Å"The Revolution. † In this letter, Stanton composes how changing the name of â€Å"The Revolution† would be a mix-up. Stanton cites, â€Å"The setting up of lady on her legitimate seat is the best upset the world has ever known or ever will know. To achieve it is no child’s play. You and I have not overlooked the contention of the most recent twenty-years-the disparagement, mistreatment, criticism, derogation, the unmixed harshness of our cup for as long as two years, when even companions executed us†. These chivalrous proclamations that Stanton composes demonstrates how much the women’s testimonial development expected to occur. Stanton is actually angry about how they have been dealt with and will successfully change the American ways for an all the more reasonable and equivalent future for ladies. Stanton puts on a show of being a chief naval officer, resilient ladies ever, who accepts that she can have any kind of effect in everyone’s lives. We will compose a custom paper test on Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Womens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Surely, Stanton is one of the numerous reasons why the women’s testimonial development happened, and all ladies wherever have her to thank. Fifty after one years, Anthony and Stanton are still companions taking a shot at â€Å"The Revolution† and attempting to see their definitive dream through-the ideal for ladies to cast a ballot. Shockingly, they never lived to see this day, however another letter was found in Letters of a Nation, in which Anthony composed a letter to Stanton about their excursion through the ladies testimonial. Anthony depicts that all through the entirety of their difficult work, they not even once quit being idealistic towards their fight for women’s testimonial. Indeed, even in fifty years, they achieved much beyond what they could have sought after, for example, ladies had the option to get an advanced degree, have business experience, and were completely ready to talk in open at this point. Anthony kept on being hopeful all through her letter and was sure that their impact and rule would be carried on to triumph by future ladies. Anthony was for sure right on this, as the women’s testimonial fight was finished around twenty years after the fact and all ladies were conceded the option to cast a ballot, among different authorizes and rights. Other compelling ladies in ladies testimonial history, for example, Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell, shaped the American Woman Suffrage Association in late 1869. This group’s objective was to proceed Anthony’s and Stanton’s objective and addition casting a ballot rights for ladies through changes to singular state constitutions. The domain of Wyoming was later the first to pass the women’s testimonial law; and ladies started to serve on juries there as ahead of schedule as the next year. By 1890, The National Women Suffrage Association and the American Women Suffrage Association converged to frame the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSAA). This turned into the movement’s standard association and NAWSA began state-by-state crusades so as to acquire casting a ballot rights for ladies. Colorado was the primary state to receive an alteration giving the option to cast a ballot in 1893. Intently after, Utah, Idaho, Washington State, California, Oregon, Kansas, Arizona, Alaska, Illinois, Montana, Nevada, New York, Michigan, South Dakota, and Oklahoma all received the correction by 1918. Numerous different occasions stuck to this same pattern, remembering The National Association of Colored Women for 1896, which united in excess of 100 dark women’s clubs. Some well known lobbyist pioneers operating at a profit women’s club development were Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, Mary Church Terrell, and Anna Julia Cooper. â€Å"Although lady testimonial implied various things to various African American ladies, most accepted that the polling form was fundamental to the development of majority rule government and to the progression of human rights in the United States. † This conviction was promoted by the late nineteenth century, where ladies testimonial method of reasoning had developed to incorporate the contention that African American ladies required the vote so as to help elevate the Black race and to acquire their own privileges. This fair goes to explain how significant and compelling the women’s testimonial was to history. The development was vital, as the white ladies pioneers of the development built the history and decided the way and the estimation of Black ladies to the development. In 1903, the National Womenâ €™s Trade Union League (WTUL) was set up to advocate for improved wages and working conditions for ladies. After ten years, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns shaped a Congressional Union to move in the direction of the section of a government alteration to give ladies the vote. The gathering was later renamed and also called the National Women’s Party. Individuals from the National Women’s Party picketed the White House and fought in different structures in home of getting the vote. A couple of years after the fact, Margaret Sanger opened the primary U. S. anti-conception medication center in Brooklyn, N. Y. In any case, after ten days, Sanger is captured and the facility is closed down. This is a defining moment in women’s testimonial, as she in the end won help through the courts and opened another center in New York City in 1923. The mid twentieth century is an enormous benchmark in ladies history, as the government lady testimonial revision, initially composed by Susan B. Anthony forty-one years sooner, is passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate in 1919. It was then sent to the states for confirmation. After a year, the Women’s Bureau of the Department of Labor was framed to gather data about ladies in the workforce and to advocate great working conditions for ladies. On August 26, 1920, the nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution was marked into law by Secretary of State, Bainbridge Colby. Ladies were at long last allowed the option to cast a ballot, which would prompt motivate people in the future of ladies to battle for equivalent rights. Not exclusively did the ladies testimonial development help people in the future for equivalent rights, yet the changeless war economy of the United States relied upon the women’s testimonial and the company of the ladies on the loose. Ladies were the ones who went into the manufacturing plants during the wars, which demonstrates how ladies were similarly as competent and legitimized to have indistinguishable rights from men. This assists the point that ladies merited the option to cast a ballot. Because of women’s nearness in processing plants, the United States could construct a significantly bigger military structure with the men doing battle and ladies remaining at home and working. Women’s testimonial has enormously affected society today. Since the mid twentieth century, ladies have just become more grounded and increasingly engaged with the United States government, legislative issues, financial aspects, and social present reality. From running for president, to shuffling effective vocations, ladies demonstrate that they can accomplish more than cook in the kitchen and deal with their families. On the off chance that it weren’t for women’s testimonial and all the fights that the US experienced to get to the nineteenth amendment, we wouldn’t be as changed and practiced as we are today. From the dynamic time to now, there have been numerous fights, wars, and occasions that have molded the ladies and every other person in our general public today. Works Cited Campbell, Karen; Granberg, Ellen; McCammon, Holly; Mowery, Christine, â€Å"HowMovements Win: Gendered Opportunity Structures and U. S. Women’s Suffrage Movements, 1866-1919,†

Prison Models Essay Sample free essay sample

There are three hypothetical records of penitentiaries that have been remarkable in American since the mid 1940’s: custodial. rehabilitative. furthermore, reintegration. Each hypothetical record is structured in any case dependent on its overruling end. also, this influences the physical structure. approaches. also, plans that are actualized inside every one of the hypothetical records. Custodial ModelArchaic Reason: Control. point of convergence is on maintaining security and control. Objective: Punishment. this is the best way to gracefully disincentive against future offense. Center: Prisoners must be rebuffed for their blunders and jail life must be made so upsetting with the goal that transgressors will falter to execute any new offenses upon discharge. Hypothesis: Classical. conviction that people work under unrestrained choice and a miscreant makes a pick to arraign in condemnable conduct accepting advantages exceed the expenses. Plan: Radial. this takes into account hostages to hold less contact with one another and takes into consideration gatekeepers to oversee more prisoners at one clasp. We will compose a custom exposition test on Jail Models Essay Sample or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The executives Style: Military way assault is utilized to order hostages. Concentrate is on subject and request with a reasonable and unflinching chain of importance of who is in control. The assurance technique is left to the removal and the detainees are relied upon to be faithful and follow all the guidelines without oppugning. Regulatory Style: Control hypothetical record. approval is the authorities of the jail removal. Jail leaders are unbendable and gracefully severe power over inmates’ lives. Correspondence is formal and proficient and is limited to authentic channels and should follow a conventional connection of offer. Focal points: Good control. gives open sentiment of security and requital. tight protection from flights. Weaknesses: Inhumane intercession of hostages. makes high tensenesss and fierce air. improves likeliness of open violences. Rehabilitative ModelModern Reason: Rehabilitate Objective: Treatment Center: Determining what made the hostage execute the offense with the goal that they can be dealt with and restored. In the event that a transgressor gets the correct clinical and mental consideration they will be â€Å"cured† of their criminalism. Hypothesis: Positivism. conviction that offense is caused or dictated by mental elements or natural needs and these can be analyzed and treated by logical organizations ; imagined that a transgressors activities are out of their control. Structure: Courtyard. this permits prisoners to hold each piece much â€Å"fresh air† as conceivable which is known to hold numerous clinical and mental advantages. The board Manner: Hospital. jail staff has progressively proficient readiness. furthermore, hostages are treated as patients. Utilize big-hearted approval to usefully change detainees from fierce withdrawn criminals to productive members of society. There is an unmistakable and systematic link of offer. in any case, detainees are urges to be engaged with their consideration. Detainees are non associated with any assurance conceiving methodology. what's more, have no signifiers of self-overseeing. Authoritative Manner: Consensual hypothetical record. less prohibitive remedial condition. Correspondence is both formal and casual. Circumstances covering with detainees requests are formal while twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours associations with prisoners are less formal. Open conveying is energized. The detainees are permitted to oppugn their mediation alternatives yet the jail staff and removal has the approval to do the entirety of the conclusions. Favorable circumstances: Lower recidivism rates. progressively accommodating. prisoners can procure help may non hold in any case had the option to gain. Burdens: More costly. simpler for flights. mediation can be uneffective. Reintegration ModelProgressive Reason: Reintegrate Objective: Education Center: Prisoners ought to be allowed each chance to larn obligation and great citizenship by offering a variety of guidance plans and assisting with reemergence into society, for example, happening housing and occupations. Hypothesis: Social disruption. a lack of guidance and assets causes network cultural controls have separated doing a condemnable human advancement to rise. By providing a guidance and allotting the correct assets to detainees to reemerge these networks. you are doing combating the powers that keep networks muddled. Miscreants will larn new ways and have better assets and will non hope to return into the condemnable human progress they originated from. Structure: Campus. this takes into account a more school like feel so prisoners can focus on guidance. larning new achievements. what's more, how to suit once more into society. The executives Manner: Academic. jail staff and removal are at that spot to learn and guide prisoners on the achievements and assets expected to reintegrate into society. It is dependent upon the detainee to exploit administrations and plans advertised. Prisoners are permitted to take a functioning capacity in the assurance conceiving methodology. furthermore, are urged to request methodology and processs. Prisoners straightforwardly and uninhibitedly show their feelings. Regulatory Manner: Responsibility Model. jail removal keeps up request by puting limitations however detainees are permitted to self-oversee inside the confined condition. Correspondence is casual and detainees are permitted start discussions which energizes an increasingly cultural scene Points of interest: Inexpensive. Encourages detainee sense of pride. Teachs obligation. Hindrances: System can be manhandled simple. little control. failure to mensurate effectivity. Notices Clark. D. N. ( 2004. 08 09 ) . Reintegration or recidivism of discharged people. Recovered from hypertext move convention:/fcwpp. Companion. organization/reintegration A ; recidivism paper. pdf Gaines. L. K. . A ; Miller. R. L. ( 2013 ) . Condemnable justness in real life. ( seventh ed. ) . Belmont. Calcium: Wadsworth Cengage Learning Salinas. G. L. ( 2009 ) . A primer investigation: Prison hypothetical records and jail heading hypothetical records and the Texas jail framework. ( Unpublished master’s proposal. Texas State University ) Retrieved from hypertext move convention:/advanced. library. txstate. edu/bitstream/handle/10877/3639/fulltext. pdf

Religion According to Sigmund Freud

Religion According to Sigmund Freud History and Biographies Print Sigmund Freuds Theories About Religion By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 17, 2020 Bettman / Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Religious Influences Freud’s Jewish Heritage Freud's View of Religion Criticism of Religion Psychoanalytic View View All Back To Top Sigmund Freud is most famous for his psychoanalytic school of thought, but he also took a keen interest in religion. As an adult, Freud considered himself an atheist, but his Jewish background and upbringing and background played an important role in the development of his ideas.?? He even wrote several books focused on the topic of religion. Learn more about Freuds  complicated relationship with religion as well as some of his thoughts on religion and spirituality. Freuds Early Religious Influences Sigmund Freud was born to Jewish parents in the heavily Roman Catholic town of Freiburg, Moravia. ??Throughout his life, Freud endeavored to understand religion and spirituality and wrote several books devoted to the subject, including Totem and Taboo (1913), The Future of an Illusion (1927), Civilization and Its Discontents (1930), and Moses and Monotheism (1938). Religion, Freud believed, was an expression of underlying psychological neuroses and distress.?? At various points in his writings, he suggested that religion was an attempt to control the Oedipal complex  (as opposed to the Electra complex), a means of giving structure to social groups, wish fulfillment, an infantile delusion, and an attempt to control the outside world. Freud’s Jewish Heritage While he was very upfront about his atheism and believed that religion was something to overcome, he was aware of the powerful influence of religion on identity. He acknowledged that his Jewish heritage, as well as the antisemitism he frequently encountered, had shaped his own personality. My language is German. My culture, my attainments are German. I considered myself German intellectually until I noticed the growth of anti-Semitic prejudice in Germany and German Austria. Since that time, I prefer to call myself a Jew, he wrote in 1925.?? Religion According to Freud So how did Freud feel about religion? In some of his best-known writings, he suggested that it was an illusion, a form of neurosis, and even an attempt to gain control over the external world. Among some of Freuds most famous quotes on religion, in his book  New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis (1933), he suggested that religion is an illusion and it derives its strength from the fact that it falls in with our instinctual desires. In The Future of an Illusion, Freud wrote that religion is comparable to a childhood neurosis. Moses and Monotheism was one of his final works prior to his death. In it, he suggested that religion is an attempt to get control over the sensory world, in which we are placed, by means of the wish-world, which we have developed inside us as a result of biological and psychological necessities. [...] If one attempts to assign to religion its place in mans evolution, it seems not so much to be a lasting acquisition, as a parallel to the neurosis which the civilized individual must pass through on his way from childhood to maturity.   Freud’s Criticism of Religion While fascinated by religion and spirituality, Freud was also at times quite critical. He critiqued religion for being unwelcoming, harsh, and unloving toward those who are not members of a specific religious group.   From The Future of an Illusion (1927): Our knowledge of the historical worth of certain religious doctrines increases our respect for them, but does not invalidate our proposal that they should cease to be put forward as the reasons for the precepts of civilization. On the contrary! Those historical residues have helped us to view religious teachings, as it were, as neurotic relics, and we may now argue that the time has probably come, as it does in an analytic treatment, for replacing the effects of repression by the results of the rational operation of the intellect. Some of his most critical comments can be found in his text Civilization and Its Discontents.    The whole thing is so patently infantile, so foreign to reality, that to anyone with a friendly attitude to humanity it is painful to think that the great majority of mortals will never be able to rise above this view of life, he suggested. It is still more humiliating to discover how a large number of people living today, who cannot but see that this religion is not tenable, nevertheless try to defend it piece by piece in a series of pitiful rearguard actions. The different religions have never overlooked the part played by the sense of guilt in civilization. What is more, they come forward with a claim...to save mankind from this sense of guilt, which they call sin. Freuds Psychoanalytic Perspective on Religion Freuds psychoanalytic perspective viewed religion as the unconscious minds need for wish fulfillment. Because people need to feel secure and absolve themselves of their own guilt, Freud believed that they choose to believe in God, who represents a powerful father-figure.

How to Write a Dissertation Proposal

How to Write a Dissertation Proposal Several guidelines are provided to enable an individual to write an excellent dissertation proposal. Here they are for your attention. They should be well detailed regarding the research topic. Current research shows that to be able to write a good dissertation proposal, students have to be well conversant with the topic at hand. This means that they need to gain a lot of information on the subject matter by reading several materials and books on the topic, know current findings on the topic and be able to access various literary sources. They should be able to go outside the area of study. This mainly means that they will be able to research from related topics and as a result, the research work presented will be unique, thus outdoing previous research on the subject matter. The issue of going outside the given area of study is an advantage in that it is a good source of new ideas for a given area of study. They have to be attentive. The issue of attention is a very powerful tool, especially, in the practical application of knowledge gained. In addition, it helps individuals to know the various methods, as well as the procedures, used in a given analysis. This then becomes a great source of information for the broad topic of study. They should know how to cite papers. For instance, an individual who knows the list of authors who wrote a particular article would give a great referenced dissertation proposal paper. In addition, having a good knowledge in the area of text citations would result to a great dissertation proposal. They should be creative. When a researcher is able to refer to research papers that were written previously and come up with new ideas, the outcome document becomes of greater value in comparison to earlier documents. Below is the suggested format that should be used in the writing of a dissertation proposal: A clear formulation of the research question at hand. Justifying the Research Project. Writing a literature review. Compiling conceptual and theoretical research work. Stating the research methodology. Giving a detailed research plan that indicates how the various research stages will be carried out. Budget and Time factor. References together with appendices. Do always remember that, in case you fail to compose a dissertation proposal on your own and the deadline is due in a very short period of time, you can always contact the custom writing agency for help. Proficient writers will rescue you if you are in need and you will get a carefully composed paper within the time you had indicated to them. Do you still need dissertation proposal help online? You can hire our PhD writers who will write a custom proposal for your dissertation. Try our writing service now!

Leadership As A Genre For Arguments Essay - 1440 Words

Over the course in history philosopher’s has scientifically continues to refine their dialogue in leadership as a genre for arguments, ideals in religious teaching, terms, and rules. Based on theories of their own, visions, skeptics, beliefs and values. As enlightens of reaching the mindset and comfort for satisfaction of their own and for their followers. By revising general rhetoric, it strategies to conform unity in communication as an interconnection for various theories of the world. It offers several insights from an ancient perspective of the present era implementing from persuasion how to effectively use communication. Philosophers layered thought process were influential by illustrating ideas, avoiding plagiarism, writing, speeches, text, and styles. Globally communication has been organized to deliver other ways for moral or a natural approach in theory to persuade supporters. When observing leaders and philosopher’s theory, cognitive, and measures of conventi onal beliefs the balance between scientific, moral grounds of reality, and logic connects with divine providence of truth, ancient rhetoric style, modern theorist, and the dynamic unity respecting others beliefs and values as way of communicating in today’s society. Marcus Tullius Cicero was born on January 3rd 106 BC in Arpinum and assassinated on the 7th of December 43 BC (Cicero, 2016). Cicero was murdered during the consulship of the 2nd Catilinarian conspiracy by an enemy named Mark Anthony. CiceroShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Features of Lyndon B. Johnson’s Presidencial Acceptance Speech742 Words   |  3 Pagestragic day President Kennedy was assassinated in a senseless act of violence. Within the next few hours, Vice President Lyndon Johnson was sworn in as president. 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As a solution to the growing problem, Deresiewicz says that education should be Ward Page 2 treated â€Å"as a right.†(6) He says that young people are beginningRead MoreMachiavelli And Shakespeare Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesMachiavelli and Shakespeare reveal similar underlying views on authority and leadership however they provide different perspectives due to their form, context and purpose. Niccolo Machiavelli’s laudatory treatise The Prince (1515) was written in a turbulent Renaissance Italy after the return of the De’ Medici’s as an attempt to regain political power. Machiavelli reveals his perspective on authority and leadership by advocating the appearance of virtue and necessary cruelty as a means of maintainingRead MoreThe Franklin Road Church Youth Groups Are More Than Just a Religion1681 Words   |  7 Pageshis years as a professor he wrote a book called Genre Analysis, within a chapter of this book Swales discuses what a discourse community is and how it is different from a speech community. Swales states that â€Å"speech com munities are centripetal (they tend to absorb people into that general fabric), whereas discourse communities are centrifugal (they tend to separate people into occupational or specialty – interest groups)† (471). To make his argument stronger he develops six criteria that a group shouldRead MoreInfluence Of A Great Philosopher And The Metaphysic Of Divine Providence1162 Words   |  5 Pagesthe republic government after the late Julius Caesar death Cicero became an enemy to Mark Anthony. After a power struggle Cicero was executed being an enemy to the state by the second Triumvirate in 43 BC. As an ancient leader Cicero successful leadership and background trait promoted great abilities. Cicero was a Roman philosopher, orator, politician theorist, consul, lawyer, and a Constitutionalist. In addition, the interconnection amongst the great historical philosopher’s alike Cicero concludesRead MoreSample Learning Outcomes: Understanding the Functions of Essays1509 W ords   |  7 Pageswriters use in different writing contexts†(Outcome 1), To read, analyze, and synthesize complex texts and incorporate multiple kinds of evidence purposefully in order to generate support writing†(Outcome 2), â€Å" To produce complex, analytic, persuasive arguments that matter in academic contexts†(Outcome 3) and lastly, â€Å"To develop flexible strategies for revising, editing, and proofreading writing.†(Outcome 4)All of these different writing outcomes are demonstrated within four of my essay’s that have beenRead MoreThe Effects Of Censorship On The World Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pageswould have allowed for a more intimate relationship between the performers and the spectators. The cabaret formed out of a mixture of influences, including theatre, variety show and political tribunal. Cabarets like the variety shows involved a number genres, you could expected to see anything from songs, comic monologues to pantomimes and pupp et shows (Jelavich 22). Most cabarets dealt with topical issues that were relevant in Berlin at the time, sex was the most common topic that was presented in aRead MoreAnalysis Of William Golding s Lord Of The Flies1006 Words   |  5 Pages1 Jordan Hofert Ms. Frangipane Study of Genre English 9 Block F 25 February 2016 The Power of Power A recurring theme among leaders in many societies today is that â€Å"absolute power corrupts absolutely† (John Acton, a 1700’s English Catholic historian, politician, and writer). In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, this idea of leadership, power, and corruption is put in the spotlight. Jack, one of the boys on the island, forces his way into the leadership position without actually earning it. ItRead MoreThe Book Of Romans Is Identified As An Epistle1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe genre of the book of Romans is identified as an epistle. It is essential to recognize the related interpretive principles when interpreting this kind of genre. Read the epistle in its entirety in one sitting to understand the intent of the letter. It is particularly profitable to also consider paragraphs as being the main units of thought. Follow the logical development of the argument as the letter progresses. Historical context is of vital importance when studying an epistle. No serious scholarRead MoreCritical Response Essay Final - I Have a Dream981 Words   |  4 Pagesconform to, or deviate from, the conventions of a persuasive speech, and for what purpose? ------------------------------------------------- I have chosen the question â€Å"How does the text conform to, or deviate from, the conventions of a particular genre, and for what purpose?† I have decided to analyse Martin Luther King’s classic Civil Rights Movement speech â€Å"I have a Dream† and how the structure of the speech creates a persuasive aspect for the audience. This task refers back to Part 1 of the English

The Rise of Drug Abuse in Hong Kong - 1065 Words

Goretti Wong 6B (27) Say NO to drugs Drug abuse is on the rise among young people in Hong Kong which is a serious and alarming phenomenon that every one of us should face squarely to. Before we figure out ways to help them, we must first understand the reasons for teenagers to take drugs. Peer influence is the dominant reason for teenagers to take drugs. Usually, friends among a group share same interests and their behaviors are expected to be consistent with one another. At the same time, teenagers try to gain respect and recognition from their friends by involving in common activities. If their groups of friends take drugs, they would be repelled and teased if they rejected to do the same. In order not to be excluded from the†¦show more content†¦In a long run, drugs spoil our organs like kidneys and gall bladder. Kidney is responsible for detoxification, taking too much drug will increase the work load of it, and eventually leads to malfunctioning. When gall bladder is damaged by drugs, we will have to urinate more frequently than normal which, on the other hand, seriously affect our normal life routine. Taking drugs may cause serious allergic reactions. Some people are allergic to a certain kind of drugs. This may be unknown to them. But once they take them, it will be too late for them to avoid it afterwards because the effects are instant. In trivial case, it causes headache or swelling of face. In severe case, it causes suffocation which may lead to death. Actually, drug education is essential, especially when we see that there is a rising trend here in Hong Kong. However, as our targets are teenagers, anti-drug messages will be more acceptable if we are not using the traditional way of educating – teaching theories in books. Celebrities are the best way to arouse teenagers’ attention. The government can invite famous singers or stars to attend different functions like mini-concerts or sharing to spread anti-drug messages. Since the celebrities are well-known and are welcomed by many teenagers, attentions can be easily caught and teenagers will start to become more aware of the seriousness of drug abuse. It is also good for schools to invite someone who hadShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Hong Kong And The Opium Trade884 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of Hong Kong and the opium trade are â€Å"intertwined†, as Christopher Munn states (107). From its beginning in the nineteenth century, the opium trade in Hong Kong, as counterparts throughout the colonies of Southeast Asia, was managed by a monopoly or farm system. The opium monopoly not only contributed a large portion of revenue to the colonial government, but also helped foster a Chinese business elite class with wealth and political influence in the Chinese community and the colony,Read MoreProblems Faced by Teenagers in Hong Kong1179 Words   |  5 Pagesworries: 1) Examination -teenagers are mainly secondary students and their ages are mainly 13-17. -their burdens are not only their homework and extra-curricular activities, but also their curriculum. -according to a survey conducted by Hong Kong University , about 80% students think that they need to face a lot of challenges about their examinations . -the survey also reveals that Chinese, English and mathematics are their main problems. 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This is a powerfully addictive drug that can cause people to have intense hallucinations and become extremelyRead MoreThe Problem Of The Internet1263 Words   |  6 Pagesdeserving of continued study (CRC health) so when it comes down to it, there is a real issue that everyone needs to consider assuring they don’t have. The amount of people who are affected by internet addiction is so high that the University of Hong Kong researchers estimate 6 percent of the world is addict (Ben Richman) . That s an insanely high number if you really break down how many people are in the world. That’s around 480,000,000 people. Now while the internet is one of the greatest inventionsRead MoreThe Internet Of Our Lives1396 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinitely be affected by the internet.Not so long ago China s Service of Society requested expelling 100 melodies from sites t he nation over in an exertion to safeguard China s national social security. 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What the In-Crowd Wont Tell You About American History Argumentative Essay Topics

What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About American History Argumentative Essay Topics The Lost Secret of American History Argumentative Essay Topics The function of the USA has been integral in the evolution of the digitally advanced connected world. America is among the oldest nation in the world. The usa has had the biggest role to play in the institution of Capitalism as the dominant financial narrative of earth. History teaches about the past of a specific folks, community, society, and so on. New Ideas Into American History Argumentative Essay Topics Never Before Revealed Anyway, you're permitted to communicate directly with the writer handling your paper so you can make any clarifications. Look into the terms alone and make sure that chronological order is adhered to. Relevant Topics that are related to your society will engage the reader in the most effective possible way. In the event you can't find your subject here, don't hesitate to have a talk with our staff and p ut an order for a customized history essay on your distinct subject. The Honest to Goodness Truth on American History Argumentative Essay Topics Otherwise, there are lots of style guides you may choose from. The list is really endless. Write a list of ideas you've got or a list of things you're interested in. On the opposite side, obtaining a list of good persuasive essay topics is inadequate. Introduction Your introduction ought to be compelling. If you are searching for examples of argumentative essays, here's a sample that will help you out! What you aspire to teach your reader will find out the sort of your essay. In addition, you can capture reader attention with the aid of funny essay topics. There are a lot more topics that can be of interest to a 10th grader. Nevertheless, should you wish to be given a great grade, you're want to choose a flawless history essay topic! If you would like to write a fantastic history essay you'd better pick a topic that is familiar to you. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. The topics for argumentative essays are frequently very self-explanatory they're common understanding. As a result, if your argumentative history essay topics aren't handled satisfactorily, you're totally free to request corrections. Even in case you have good history essay topics and the correct ideas in mind, but you're not focused on writing, you may wind up having a low-quality paper. Remember your final grade significantly is dependent upon the topic. Your paper ought to be ordered in a logical fashion, and not jump around all around the place. As you might think that so as to create a great original argumentative paper, you've got to devote all night studying, it isn't accurate. Presenting of the opposition arguments would help to convince the readers that you've got a versatile compreh ension of the subject and that you're not below the effect of any bias. You have to discover good evidence to back up your ideas along with examples to illustrate the evidence. If you commence working on objective arguments at this time, you are going to be more able to present them later. Don't forget, if you're writing an argument about whether they really existed, you're want to present evidence to back up your argument but will also will need to deal with the counterargument. American History Argumentative Essay Topics: No Longer a Mystery Each of these varieties of paper is owned by the category of informative essay. There are lots of assortments of topics based on the subject you would decide to compose a paper. At length, now that you're prepared to work on your paper, we wish to remind you of the significance of appropriate essay structure. Writing a research paper about such a considerable moment in the American history can be very advantageous there's already a grea t deal of research on the matter. Conclusion needs to be concise and logical. Topic You'll have to begin brainstorming early in the semester for a great topic. The topic ought to be quite controversial once you are writing an argumentative write up. Additionally, you can warn your audience about certain consequences that could occur if the problem under discussion isn't addressed properly. If you would like to choose nice and interesting American history essay topics, you should be conscious they ought to be specific and fairly narrow so that you're able to reflect on a particular problem or issue. If you can select the matter all on your own, it's possible to develop the issue of interest! Political issues are the very best example. People have equal chance for achievement. On a different note, American dream involves happiness which comes as a consequence of achievement as a person who would like to accomplish goals like becoming rich or being famous. The American drea m may also be achieved through other means aside from attaining education. Attaining American dream wants a career which is to be achieved amidst struggle. A Secret Weapon for American History Argumentative Essay Topics The primary goal of topic choice for a proposal essay is to demonstrate the idea can be put into place in practice. You must be quite sure in regards to the notion you want to expand on. Your very first idea is nearly always very likely to be too significant. Perhaps you simply do not know the subject well enough, and that's the reason you cannot locate the idea for your history essay. As an example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing viewpoint. You always wished to be treated like an adult and your teacher is going to provide you with the opportunity. For instance, you can opt for a topic for elementary, middle, or higher school. Do not increase your probability of being discontinued from your studies due to trusting p eople who cannot even assist with choosing history essay topics for high school students.

Camping Is A Outdoor Activity That Is Enjoyed By Many Each...

Camping is a outdoor activity that is enjoyed by many each year. Family, friends and strangers, come together to enjoy the great outdoors. Where the musical sounds of Mother Nature’s symphony orchestra sings you her lullaby as you fall asleep. The warmth from the fire warms your heart as you listen to stories of ghost, creatures, and goblins that the smoke seems to form into as it fades into the midnight sky. This is what I picture when I think about camping until I interview Ryan Oiler about it. Ryan Oiler grandparents introduce him to camping when he was just two years old. Ryan (now 20) has camped out at the Pocono’s, Valley Forge, and even the senator’s baseball field when he was in the Boy scouts. Ryan stated â€Å"he cannot imagine life without camping.† With a big smile as he first started the then it quickly want away as he finished the sentence, â€Å"life without camping†. Preparing for camping trips is not like packing for a weekend to y our grand mom’s house. When packing your tent make sure you spray it with waterproofing spay so it does not get wet from the morning dew or worst rain. As you pack your clothes keep in mind that the weather during the day and night can change drastically. The weather can be 90 degrees during the day and drop to the 70’s at night depending on the camp site. The food surprising just doesn’t consist of chocolate bars, marshmallows, and graham crackers. Some items can be pack are bacon, eggs, and bananas. Depending if you have a cooler and aShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Wildfires And Its Effects On The Environment2061 Words   |  9 PagesEvery year, thousands of forest or wildfires are caused by humans, which affect thousands and thousands of acres of land and wildlife all over the United States. Many of these fires that are caused by human error or negligence, occur at many of the beautiful camp sites, that are located around the country. In these cases, these fires not only affect the land and the wildlife, it puts the lives of other camper s, in jeopardy as well. Especially since with wild or forest fires, there is no way ofRead MoreWinter Camping Can Be A Disaster1860 Words   |  8 PagesWinter camping can either be a disaster, or a ton of fun! These Winter camping tips should help you make sure your next trip stays under the tons of fun category! Don t Go Alone - Any camping trip is more fun with friends and family, but winter camping trips can multiply this tenfold! Even if you re cold and miserable the entire time, you and your friends or family members can laugh about it later! Additionally, having extra minds around can come in handy when it comes to staying warm and havingRead MoreDavid Kolb s Framework Of Experiential Learning1534 Words   |  7 Pagesexplore in Spanish. 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His popularity grew substantially and was soon elected mayor of Kansas CityRead MoreCamping Is A Holiday Inn2199 Words   |  9 PagesCamping just isn t my thing, I told my husband when we married. I love being outside and doing outdoor activities, but my idea of camping is a Holiday Inn. He was disappointed as he had spent many of his summers camping with his grandparents along the Mokelumne River. I stuck to my guns about going camping and we were married many years before I agreed to give it a try. One summer I agreed to take a week and go camping with him in Calaveras Big Trees State Park. I was assured the bathrooms wereRead MoreMy Familys Co-cultures Essay1772 Words   |  8 Pagesin a tough world. My father graduated from high school in 1939 and while driving with his parents to college that September, heard the news that Hitler was invading Poland. 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Qualitative vs. Quantitative Methods Free Essays

Discuss the main differences between qualitative and quantitative approaches to data collection and analysis in management research. Your answer should make reference to the philosophical assumptions which underpin these methodological approaches. Introduction Whenever a decision is made to undertake a piece of research a method for conducting the study is required. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative vs. Quantitative Methods or any similar topic only for you Order Now In scientific research the techniques typically used for data collection and analysis are those which allow the evaluation of data to test a predetermined hypothesis (Zikmund, 2000). An example of this is a laboratory-based experiment where the researcher can be in full control of all the variables involved and can therefore be sure that any change in the phenomena under investigation is a direct result of an identified and controlled stimulus. In marketing research however, which is usually reliant on some aspect of human influence, it has been proposed that such a uniform, rigid approach is not appropriate: â€Å"There is never a single, perfect research design that is the best for all marketing research projects, or even a specific type of marketing research task. (Malhotra and Birks, 2000: p. 70) The aim of this assignment is to critically evaluate the quantitative and qualitative approaches to research, specifically focusing on the marketing perspective. To do this, consideration is firstly given to the basic differences between the qualitative and quantitative approaches, considering the seemingly opposing theoretical paradigms from which they have origina ted. Subsequently the development of the marketing discipline is examined with a specific focus on how and why different research methods have been employed in the field. Attention is Page 1 of 1 iven to the need for marketing to address both the issue of verifying existing hypotheses, and the requirement to develop new theory. As there appears to be no ideal research method for use in marketing it would seem that what is important is being critically aware of the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches available. Finally, therefore, the notion of pluralism, or methodological triangulation, is explored as such an approach is often used to exploit the strengths and minimise weaknesses in research design through the combination of two or more research methods, often from opposing theoretical paradigms. Basic differences between quantitative and qualitative research Qualitative research can be defined as: â€Å"†¦the collection, analysis and interpretation of data that cannot be meaningfully quantified, that is, summarised in the form of numbers. † (Parasuraman et al, 2004: p. 195) Whereas quantitative research can be defined as: â€Å"†¦the collection of data that involves larger, more representative respondent samples and the numerical calculation of results. † (Parasuraman et al, 2004: p. 195) Historically it has been considered that science based disciplines such as mathematics and physics are especially suited to quantitative research methods. Such methods are considered to be objective and lead to numerical, absolute outcomes, which can be verified through repetition and further testing (Zikmund, 2000); in other words the knowledge is external to the knower (Milliken, 2001), and therefore is available be found by whoever conducts the necessary research (Cunningham, 1999). This view of natural science can be considered to fit within the positivist paradigm, where a paradigm can be thought of as theoretical framework for looking at a situation and a basis upon which phenomena can be analysed and interpreted Page 2 of 2 (Gill and Johnson, 2002). Kuhn (1970) supports the need for paradigms on the basis that they bind disciplines together, and without them there would be no valid position from which to undertake research. Deshpande (1983) suggests that the acceptance of a particular theoretical aradigm is typically followed by a choice of a specific set of research methods that appear to fit within it. This is perhaps exemplified by the significant use of laboratory experiments in pure scientific disciplines. Within the social sciences however there has been a long-standing debate surrounding which philosophical standpoint, or paradigm, it is appropriate for research methods to be derived from (Milliken, 2001). Cohen et al (2000) consider there to be two m ajor, apparently contradictory, views relating to how research should be conducted within social science. The first aligns social science with natural science and therefore implies that research in the field should be directed towards the search for universal laws which regulate individual social behaviour. The second focuses on the human element of social science research, with recognition of the notion that people are not inanimate objects and therefore cannot be treated as such. Aligning social science with natural science arguably implies that data collection and analysis is best performed from a positivist standpoint. As research methods favoured by positivists tend towards those reliant on quantification (Gill and Johnson, 2002), it would follow that in management research the focus should be on quantitative research methods. Research conducted from the positivist viewpoint is usually considered to be reductionist in nature, and is often termed hypothetico-deductive, as it aims to derive a result in relation to a predefined hypothesis (Zikmund, 2000). Conversely, an approach to research which embraces human individuality and places emphasis on how people perceive and give meaning to their own Page 3 of 3 socially created world, can be considered constructivist (Hunt, 1994), and phenomenological (Gill and Johnson, 2002). The focus from this standpoint is therefore on understanding, interpreting and building theory rather than objectively testing, deducing and verifying an existing hypothesis. Such an approach can be considered inductive in nature and therefore favours the adoption of qualitative research methods. ollows: â€Å"†¦the most telling and fundamental distinction between the paradigms is on the dimension of verification versus discovery†¦quantitative methods have been developed most directly for the task of verifying or confirming theories and†¦qualitative methods were purposely developed for the task of discovering or generating theories. † (Reichardt and Cook, 1979: cited in Deshpande, 1983: p. 105 ) This can be explained further as At the extreme of the inductive spectrum lies the concept of grounded theory developed by Glaser and Strauss (1967). Here the researcher builds theory based entirely on the data obtained in a particular study without the influence of predetermined knowledge or preconceived hypotheses. Taking deduction to the extreme hypotheses can only ever be tested, raising the question of how it is possible to obtain a hypothesis in the first place. This presents a number of dilemmas with regard to research in the field of management, including whether it is more appropriate to test existing hypotheses or to develop new theory. The theory-testing versus theory-generation debate is particularly significant in the field of marketing as, due to the relative youth of the discipline, marketers are faced with the challenge of both obtaining and maintaining respect and credibility for the work that has been done so far (Bartels, 1983); and continuing to generate theory needed to develop a coherent, holistic body of knowledge which will clear up marketing’s existing â€Å"theory mess† (Gummesson, 2002: p. 349). Page 4 of 4 Development of research in the field of marketing The discipline of marketing, which came about as a departure from economics not long after 1900, originally had no identity of its own. There was no predetermined framework for its development, nor any real expectation of what it should, or could, become (Bartels, 1983). The way the discipline started to develop however led to a belief that it had â€Å"†¦meritorious scientific character† (Bartels, 1983: p. 34), which subsequently influenced ideas about the way in which credible research in the field should be conducted. Consequently approaches to research in marketing have historically been dominated by deductive processes (Hyde, 2000). Milliken (2001) supports this with the observation that within the marketing literature there has been little attention paid to qualitative research. If marketing was universally accepted to be akin to a pure science then this may be an acceptable situation. It has been suggested however that, rather than being a science, marketing is actually an art which belongs both to the world of business and the school of humanities (Halliday, 1999). It was noted by Deshpande (1983) that in the early 1980s there were only four major textbooks dealing with the metatheoretical issues in marketing, and it can therefore be understood that â€Å"†¦self conscious reflection on theory construction in marketing is of fairly recent origin. † (p. 104). Peter (1982), supported by Deshpande (1983), argues that the dominant philosophical approach applied in marketing is that of logical empiricism. Such a positivist approach forces a â€Å"†¦search for causality and the assumption of determinism† (Hunt, 1994: p. 7), which directs those conducting marketing research towards hypotheticodeductive methods for the verification of existing theories rather than development of new ones. Page 5 of 5 Goulding (1999) suggests that the popularity of the positivist paradigm may be down to the more transparent rules which it projects with regard to the basis of hypotheses and their testing, resulting in a clearer picture of what is a ccepted to be known and what remains unknown or untested. As marketing is a relatively young discipline, quantitative methods have therefore been regularly favoured over qualitative methods in an attempt to establish credibility and respectability (Bartels, 1983). Bass (1993) unreservedly supports quantitative research and the scientific view of marketing, on the basis of the need to make general laws and principles which can be widely applied. To emphasise his position further Bass (1993) repeatedly refers to the discipline as not as â€Å"marketing† but as â€Å"marketing science†. Despite this apparent favouritism of qualitative research, for establishing integrity and credence, it has been suggested that marketing as a discipline has failed to develop a coherent theoretical foundation due to the inappropriate selection and use of methods within the framework of logical empiricism (Leone and Schultz, 1980). criticises how qualitative research is implemented. Gummesson (2001) also He questions whether or not it is ppropriate to make a jump from a subjective answer given by a person, perhaps in the form of a questionnaire response, to hard facts about the population being studied, and furthermore if a model being selected for use in marketing research can be an appropriate proxy for the particular situation being studied. Gummesson (2001) instead advocates an interactive approach to research in marketing based on â€Å"†¦a humanistic, hermeneutic and phenomenological paradigm. (p. 40). Deshpande (1983) is in agreement with this and proposes that, rather th at the incorrectly using quantitative research methods, the shortfall in theory development in the field may lie in the inappropriate adoption of a quantitative paradigm where a qualitative one would be more appropriate: â€Å"If we ignore the qualitative paradigm, we also by definition exclude the principal systematic means of theory generation. † (Deshpande, 1983: p. 106) Page 6 of 6 The dominance of logical empiricism in marketing has therefore been seen as potentially detrimental to the discipline, because the successful development of an appropriate holistic and sound body of theory is necessary for the credibility of the field in both management and academe (Bartels, 1983). Hunt (1994) however observes that scholars in the field of marketing, particularly those reviewing papers for publication in academic journals, may themselves be responsible for the lack of theory generation by being over critical when reviewing the work of those who attempt to make an original contribution. According to Gummesson (2001) this behaviour reinforces the belief that to build a publications record, and a respectable reputation, marketers are being encouraged to test existing theory using quantitative methods rather than generate theory through qualitative investigation. This, it has been suggested, has resulted in there being no development in general management marketing theory over recent decades, leaving marketing as an array of disjointed theories and ideas founded on arguably obsolete principles Gummesson (2001). The lack of credibility given to qualitative research techniques in marketing from the academic perspective does however appear somewhat ironic given that such methods are widely adopted in marketing research in industry (Deshpande, 1983). Although it may appear that qualitative marketing research is a relatively recent revelation, Deshpande (1983) argues that this is not the case. He observes that there was significant interest in the topic in the 1950s and 1960s. In the early 1980s, Fern (1982) suggested that the reason one specific qualitative technique, focus groups, had failed to gain prominence was a lack of empirical testing, which would allow the theory development necessary to acquire credibility. In other words a qualitative technique struggled to generate recognition because it could not satisfy the positivistic evaluation criteria needed to do so. This is perhaps indicative of the historical power of positivism in marketing academia in determining what can be accepted as credible Page 7 of 7 nd what cannot, regardless of whether or not techniques are accepted in the commercial environment. Malhotra and Peterson (2001) suggest that for marketing to move forward in the twenty-first century it is necessary to bridge the gap between the academic and commercial positions. There is evidence of increasing acceptance of qualitative methods in marketing research, especially in managing research as the marketplace evolves. For example Kozinet z (2002) developed â€Å"netnography† as a technique for gaining insight into online communities based on a combination of the principles of ethnography and focus groups. Quantitative techniques it would appear still have their place in marketing research too, despite the criticisms levelled at them. The SERVQUAL questionnaire for example, originally developed by Parasuraman et al (1988), relies on the collection of data which can be statistically manipulated to determine levels of service quality. Notwithstanding the substantial criticism it has received (see Buttle, 1996), it is still being used in marketing research today (see e. g. DeMoranville and Bienstock, 2003). What it would consequently appear important to recognise is that both quantitative and qualitative methods have their place in marketing research; neither is sufficient on its own, and there is potentially for significant advances to be made if marketing researchers acknowledge this (Deshpande, 1983). Triangulation and methodological pluralism There is a place in marketing research for both qualitative and quantitative research. There is also a significant risk that overly staunch advocates of a single paradigm will forego the quality of their research by valuing the methodological choice above the aim of the particular Page 8 of 8 study (Bartels, 1983). From a marketing research perspective the importance therefore lies in recognition of the relative advantages and disadvantages of both the qualitative and quantitative research and the understanding of the strengths and weakness of particular methods. Cahill (1996) supports this with the recognition that qualitative and quantitative techniques can be complementary, and Milliken (2001) suggests that the reality of a real research situation demands compromise between the seemingly opposed philosophical standpoints on which the methods are based. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods presents the researcher with an opportunity to compensate for the weakness in each approach. (Deshpande, 1983), and within the field of marketing there appears to be a significant move towards combining qualitative and quantitative research methods (Milliken, 2001). Perry (1998) emphasises the benefit of case study methodology in marketing and suggests that there is no need to consider induction and deduction to be mutually exclusive when selecting a research method. He emphasises that realism is the most appropriate paradigm from which to undertake marketing research as it allows the building of new theory whilst incorporating existing knowledge. Strength in method combination does not necessarily have to include qualitative and quantitative approaches. Hall and Rist (1999) present a marketing study based on the triangulation of purely qualitative research methods including focus groups, observation and document examination. They argue that doing this eliminates the risks of relying on a single method and therefore enhances research quality and strengthens the credibility of qualitative techniques. Page 9 of 9 Methodological pluralism, whilst appearing to offer reconciliation between opposing theoretical paradigms in relation to research method choice, does itself introduce debate and criticism. Gill and Johnson (2002) for example note that embracing realism can be seen as accepting positivism at the cost of phenomenology as it may involve the †¦operationalization and measurement of social reality (stimuli) and action (response)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 170). Consequently, combining research methods can itself become part of the argument rather than a solution. Conclusion The decision of whether to adopt qualitative or quantitative methods in management research historically appears to be based on the philosophical assumptions upheld by the individual researcher or the discipline in which he or she is work ing. A paradigmatic dichotomy between positivism and phenomenology (or constructivism) would seem to have resulted in a situation where, in some instances, the research methodology choice is deemed more significant than the subject of the particular study. Marketing is a relatively young discipline within the field of management and, as such, is faced with the challenge of obtaining and maintaining credibility. To do this it has been proposed that it needs to both test existing theory and generate new theory, however the processes required to achieve these two goals can be seem to stem from diametrically opposed paradigms: theory-testing being achievable through deductive methods; and theory generation relying on an inductive approach. This incommensurability has however been challenged with the assertion that what is important is selecting an appropriate methodology for a particular study, rather than fitting a Page 10 of 10 study to a method. Methodological triangulation has been suggested as a means of achieving this, with a move towards a paradigm of realism where the relative advantages and disadvantages of a number of research methods can be embraced. Whilst at face value this approach may appear to offer a compromise offering the best practical solution to the methodological choice dispute, it also introduces criticism of its own which, in turn fuels the debate further. The general aim of this discussion, to consider the differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods, has itself been conducted from an ostensibly positivistic standpoint. In fact any discussion, comparison or assessment of research methods is arguably starting from a predetermined premise that an objective evaluation is being undertaken (Gill and Johnson, 2002), and can therefore be seen to be embracing positivist ideals. Taking into account the amount of attention that has been paid to philosophical approaches to management research; the ambiguities that are apparent; the ongoing search for the most suitable and appropriate means for conducting studies; and the motivation to establish and maintain credibility, it would seem unlikely that end to the debate regarding research methods in management is in sight: â€Å"Like the earth being round, thus lacking a natural end, the journey in Methodologyland has no end. You search again and again and again, just as the term says: re-search, re-search, re-search. (Gummesson, 2001: p. 29) Page 11 of 11 References Bartels, R. (1983), â€Å"Is marketing defaulting its responsibilities? †, Journal of Marketing, 47(4), pp. 32-35 Bass, F. M. (1993), â€Å"The future of research in marketing: Marketing Science†, Journal of Marketing Research, 30(1), pp. 1-6 Buttle, F. (1996), â€Å"SERVQUAL: review, critique, research agenda†, European Journal o f Marketing, 30(1), pp. 8-32 Cahill, D. J. (1996), â€Å"When to use qualitative methods: a new approach†, Marketing Intelligence Planning, 14(6), pp. 16-20 Cohen, L. , Manion, L. and Morr, K. 2000), Research Methods in Education, 5th Edition, Routledge: London Cunningham, A. C. (1999), â€Å"Commentary confessions of a reflective practitioner: meeting the challenges of marketing’s destruction†, European Journal of Marketing, 33(7/8), pp. 685-697 DeMoranville, C. W. and Bienstock, C. C. (2003), â€Å"Question order effects in measuring service quality†, International Journal of research in Marketing, 20(3), pp. 217-231 Deshpande, R. (1983), â€Å"Paradigms Lost: On theory and method in research in marketing†, Journal of Marketing, 47(4), pp. 101-110 Fern, E. F. 1982), â€Å"The use of focus groups for idea generation: the effects of group size, acquaintanceship, and moderator on response quantity and quality†, Journal of Marketing Research, 19(1), pp. 1-13 Gill, J. and Johnson, P. (2002), Research Methods For Mangers, 3rd Edition, London: SAGE Publications Ltd Glaser, B. G. and Strauss, A. L. (1967), The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, Aldine Publishing Company: Chicago Goulding, C. (1999), â€Å"Consumer research, interpretive paradigms and methodological ambiguities†, European Journal of Marketing, 33(9/10), pp. 59-873 Gummesson, E. (2001), â€Å"Are current research approaches in marketing leading us astray? †, Marketing Theory, 1(1), pp. 27-48 Gummesson, E. (2002), â€Å"Practical value of adequate marketing management theory†, European Journal of Marketing, 36(3), pp. 325-349 Hall, A. L. and Rist, R. C. (1999), â€Å"Integrating multiple qualitative research methods (or avoiding the precariousness of a one-legged stool)†, Psychology Marketing, 16(4), pp. 291304 Page 12 of 12 Halliday, S. 1999), â€Å"I don’t know much about art, but I know wh at I like: resonance, relevance and illumination as assessment criteria for marketing research and scholarship†, Marketing Intelligence Planning, 17(7), pp. 345-362 Hunt, S. D. (1994), â€Å"On rethinking marketing: Our discipline, our practice, our methods†, European Journal of Marketing, 28(3), pp. 13-25 Hyde, K. F. (2000), â€Å"Recognising deductive processes in qualitative research†, Qualitative Market Research, 3(2), pp. 82-90 Kozinets, R. V. (2002), â€Å"The field behind the screen: Using Netnography for marketing research in online communities†, Journal of Marketing Research, 39(1), pp. 1-72 Kuhn, T. S. (1970), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd Edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press Leone, R. P. and Schultz, R. L. (1980), â€Å"A study of marketing generalizations†, Journal of Marketing, 44(1), pp. 10-18 Malhotra, N. K. and Birks, D. F. (2000), Marketing Research: An Applied Approach, 3rd European Edition, Harlow, England : Financial Times Prentice Hall Malhotra, N. K. and Peterson, M. (2001), â€Å"Marketing research in the new millennium: emerging issues and trends†, Marketing Intelligence Planning, 19(4), pp. 16-235 Milliken, J. (2001), â€Å"Qualitative research and marketing management†, Management Decision, 39(1), pp. 71-77 Parasuraman, A. , Grewal, D. and Krishnan, R. (2004), Maketing Research, Boston, USA: Houghton Mifflin Company Parasuraman, A. , Zeithaml, V. A. and Berry, L. L. (1988), â€Å"SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumers perceptions of service quality†, Journal of Retailing, 64(1), pp. 12-40 Perry, C. (1998), â€Å"Process of a case study methodology for postgraduate research in marketing†, 32(9/10), pp. 785-802 Peter, J. P. 1982), â€Å"Current issues in the philosophy of science: Implications for marketing theory – a panel discussion†, in Marketing Theory: Philosophy of Science Perspectives, Bush, R. F. and Hunt, S. D. (eds. ), Chicago, American Marketing, pp. 11-16 Reichardt, C. S. and Cook, T. D. (1979), â€Å"Beyond qualitative versus quantitative methods†, in Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Evaluation Research, Cook, T. D and Reichardt, (eds. ) Beverley Hills, CA: Sage Zikmund, W. G. (2000), Business Research Methods, 6th Edition, Orlando, USA: The Dryden Press, Harcourt College Publishers Page 13 of 13 How to cite Qualitative vs. Quantitative Methods, Papers

Dose Of Reality Essay Research Paper Theresa free essay sample

Dose Of Reality Essay, Research Paper Theresa ran into the bathroom and dug through her bag in hunt of the one thing that would do all her hurting travel off. As she hid in the bathroom stall, she wondered how her life had come to this. She was crumpled up on the bathroom floor lodging a needle into her arm. Her life had been good. She had to acknowledge she had been blessed. She came from a household of good standing. She had had every thing she could every privation. So why her? Why did this hold to be her life? She couldn # 8217 ; t understand. She eventually snapped back to world and realized she was traveling to be tardily for category. She pulled herself up and rushed out of the bathroom to her following category. As she ran into the room, the bell rang. Every one was gazing at her and snickering. We will write a custom essay sample on Dose Of Reality Essay Research Paper Theresa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She knew they talked about her. Even her alleged best friend Tiffany had ditched her. As Theresa took her place at the dorsum of the room, a miss up forepart of the room snickered. Theresa wears a jumper every twenty-four hours, even when its 100 grades out. Theresa looked around and rapidly pushed her sleeves a small manner up her arm. As her Economics category began, her head began to roll to James and their last dark together. The dark had been fantastic. She remembered that he took her out to the beach to eat a field day dinner. As they lay in each other # 8217 ; s weaponries they watched the sundown on the H2O. She wanted this feeling to last forever. She didn # 8217 ; t believe she could of all time experience more felicity than this. That is until the minute that James took out the ring and asked her to get married him. He told her that he loved her and he wanted to be with her forever. She couldn # 8217 ; t believe what she was hearing. She was shocked. She said yes. That dark, he dropped her off at her house at 12:20 10 proceedingss before her curfew. As she got ready for bed and lay down to kip all she could believe about was what it would be like passing the remainder of her life with him. She fell asleep content. The following forenoon she had the worst feeling. She couldn # 8217 ; t understand. So she called James # 8217 ; s house. It was busy so she figured that his ma or sister were on the phone so she merely put the feelings aside. She walked B ack to the sleeping room, turned on the Television, and got a towel to take a shower. Merely as she walked into the bathroom she heard it. # 8220 ; Last dark at 12:30 a immature adult male by the name of James Obeney got into a serious accident on Adamsville Rd. He was in a caput on hit with a rummy driver. When the paramedics arrived on the scene he was pronounced dead. # 8221 ; She blocked out the remainder. She couldn # 8217 ; t believe it. This couldn # 8217 ; t go on to her. She loved him. They were supposed to be acquiring married. He couldn # 8217 ; t decease. The bell rang. The sound knocked her out of her trance-like province. She wanted to shout for the memory but she didn # 8217 ; t have the energy. She fell into a bad province of heartache after he died. She wouldn # 8217 ; t speak to anyone. She besides started traveling to parties wild parties where she would happen people who were in merely as much hurting as she was. She met some new friends. They introduced her to heroin, and told her that they have used for a long clip. It did aid, it made all the hurting travel off. They got her hooked. She thought they were her friends, but they weren # 8217 ; t. They took her money and one time they got what they wanted from her, they called her weak and regretful. They didn # 8217 ; t associate with her anymore. Now she had nil left but holes in her weaponries and an ache in her bosom that would neer travel off. She pulled into the private road of her house. She drove the new Mercedes that her parents had bought her for ( as they said ) being so strong though everything. As she parked she saw a constabulary auto. A moving ridge of terror swept over her. It made her desire to turn back, but she knew she couldn # 8217 ; t. It was eventually clip to face world. She had a job and she needed aid. She got out of the auto and walked up the stairss. The door all of a sudden flew unfastened. ( Her female parent ) With cryings in her eyes, reached for her manus and led her to the life room. Where there was a police officer and a counsellor. Through all her fright, Theresa all of a sudden felt relieved and happy. She was eventually traveling to be free from the hurting that invariably enveloped her. She knew it would take tonss of difficult work, but in her head and in her bosom this was something she wanted. She would make any thing to accomplish it. 326

National Indian Museum

Discovering exotic countries is always a thrilling experience, as the first associations we get with the word ‘exotic’ is something wild, far-away, and mysterious. However, exotic countries are not always godforsaken jungle where lianas entwine with boa constrictors and dangerous animals wait for you under every shrub. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on National Indian Museum specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the exotic destinations possess a unique culture dating back to thousands of years ago, and therefore it is not only their tropical nature but also their ancient treasures worth exploring. One of such captivating countries is India, the land which hosted one of the earliest civilizations and served as a crossroad for commercial and cultural routes. Apart from experiencing the specific Indian culture in real life in the ancient streets of its settlements, it is also worth to take a deeper l ook in Indian history, society, and tradition by attending one of the country’s multiple museum. Standardly, the most widespread idea occurring to anyone who thinks of Indian cultural heritage is going to the Taj Mahal, the world-famous mausoleum constructed in memory of a beloved wife. Nevertheless, there are certain points at which the Taj Mahal loses in comparison with the National Museum of India, and based on this comparison I would rather advise visiting the latter. One of the main issues that motivate us to go travelling and to explore various museum collections is the search for diversity. The variety of experiences we go through allows us to obtain a wider range of impressions and is therefore more captivating. What the Taj Mahal can offer its visitors is a rich illustration of architectural forms and designer principles of its time. Although people standardly think of the Taj Mahal as a big white marble dome, the Taj Mahal is in fact a much larger complex comprisi ng the tomb itself, a large garden with a pool and multiple flowerbeds, and several outlying buildings. The latter serve as mausoleums for other wives and servants, as well as a mosque and a guest house. Although the secondary constructions represent curious artifacts in themselves, the major attention of the visitors is drawn to the main tomb. Surrounded by four minarets, the marble dome is splendidly decorated both outside and inside, with fanciful carvings and inscriptions in calligraphy running all around its high walls. Architecture and design are the two arts that celebrate their triumph in this masterpiece.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As compared to the sights of the Taj Mahal, the National Museum of India represents a much more varied scene to its visitors. Set up by the Indian government in the forties of the previous century, this museum is located in the capital city of New D elhi and is the biggest in the country. Its enormous collections comprise over two hundred thousand exhibits of both Indian and foreign origin and span over more than five thousand years of history. Among the treasures of the National Museum of India are over eight hundred sculptures dating from as early as the third century BC and up to the late nineteenth century AD. Numerous miniature paintings along with items of everyday life reveal the practical secrets of the daily routine of the peoples who have inhabited India. From the point of view of diversity, the National Museum of India is a much more attractive place. Unlike the Taj Mahal which is purely about architecture and design, the National Museum features both the art and the everyday life of various Indian people at various times. When visiting a museum, we expect to get acquainted with unknown cultures and to discover the versatility of various traditions. Constructed in the mid-seventeenth century, the Taj Mahal represen ts only one à ©poque in the art and culture of India. Continuing the traditions of early Persian and Mughal styles in architecture, the Taj Mahal develops their pompousness and splendor by incorporating marble and semiprecious stones in its lining and incrustation. The decorative designs in the main tomb mix the traditional Persian and Hindu elements, and the minarets outside are erected in the best traditions of Islamic mosques. Islamic topic is also developed in the inscriptions on the outside walls of the Taj Mahal tomb, featuring passages from Qur’an. This mix of various traditions literally bewilders the visitors, and without an experienced and knowledgeable guide it is hard to figure out what is meant by the multiple symbols of various cultures united in the complex of Taj Mahal. Contrasted to the bewildering cultural mix of the Taj Mahal, the cultural à ©poques and styles represented in the National Museum of India are neatly systematized on the one hand and much m ore diverse on the other hand. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on National Indian Museum specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For one thing, the galleries of the National Museum of India feature separate exhibitions that are dedicated to certain civilizations, religious denominations, or time periods. An example of such systematization can be seen in the special exhibitions of Harappan civilization, or of the Buddhist art, or in the special collection that highlights the intricacies in evolution of Indian scripts and coins. In addition to such systematization and clear separation of cultural trends, styles, and periods, the National Museum of India can also boast a widest range of cultures represented in its exhibitions. Thus, not only the classical Hindu art is to be observed in the galleries of the museum, but also an excellent collection of items belonging to the North-East tribal lifestyle can be found among the exhibits. In addition to Indian art forms, the visitors can get acquainted with the art objects of Pre-Columbian and Western art made by such legendary peoples as the Mayas and the Incas, as well as coming from Indonesia, Egypt, and countries of the Persian Gulf. The cultural diversity represented in the collections of the National Museum of India will satisfy our curiosity not only about the multiple Indian traditions but also about those extending far beyond the country’s borders. Visiting a museum is definitely an outstanding event for each of us since it produces the excitement of learning and the perspective of drawing inspiration from what we see and learn. The specific nature of the Taj Mahal as a mausoleum evokes rather an emotional than a practical response. The whole image of the complex as a work of art and its purpose as commemoration of a loved one inspires an attitude of distant reverence to it rather than that of active participation. The mysterious calligrap hic inscriptions on the walls and the richly ornamented cenotaphs in the Taj Mahal sooner confuse us than explain anything of the traditions and life of those who created them. While for a dedicated orientalist such a building may represent a treasure to study and scrutinize, we — laymen — can only look in awe at it and wonder about the mysteries it hides under its intricate carvings. As opposed to admiring the purely aesthetic beauty of the Taj Mahal, exploring the treasures of the National Museum of India represents a great practical value as well. The excitement of finding out about the details of the daily life adds much emotional value to the experience. In the vast depositories of the National Museum of India, each of us can find something of personal interest. For example, the girls can admire the fabulous collection of artfully printed, dyed, and embroidered Indian textiles and find out how they are used in real life. The for ‘the real men’, there is a section featuring the finest Indian arms and armor, including weapons not only for people but for animals as well. The especially creative natures will be thrilled by the large collection of national Indian musical instruments. Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition to detailed guided tours on each of the section, the museum offers free film shows and educative workshops which make the learning process even more exciting. Such increased sense of participation provides much more inspiration for our own creativity and therefore is much more productive. Last but not least, in our expectations we imagine a visit to a museum as an enjoyable experience and not just a tick to put next to the ‘cultural event’ preplanned in our curriculum. For a group of young people, a visit to the Taj Mahal may turn out far from relaxed and enjoyable. The reasons for such uneasiness are the multiple limitations and restrictions imposed on the visitors by the Taj Mahal administration. For one thing, the Taj Mahal attracts so many visitors that safety measures have to be kept strict: not simply arms or smoking items, but also such simple devices as iPods and MP3 players are prohibited on the territory of the complex. No chewing gum is allowed, let alone eating or drinking. This may turn very unhandy in the hot tropical climate when you are yearning for a sip of water every now and then. Bags bigger than purses should be kept in lockers at owner’s risk. Religious traditions require that you enter the Taj Mahal either barefooted or wearing shoe covers. Altogether, such limitations, together with the religious image of the site, do not make the Taj Mahal a place where you feel much physical and psychological comfort. The National Museum of India is rather a secular place of interest than a religious shrine and therefore offers much more comfort to its visitors. Although you need to comply with the standard museum rules, you still have the right to discuss what you see and share your impressions with your classmates immediately. The Taj Mahal rules hardly allow such opportunity since silence should be kept inside the tomb. In addition, in case of bad weather you can stay safely under the roof of the National Museum, while if we go to the Taj Mahal there is a chance of soaking in the rain as we walk through the gardens to the nearest parking space which is quite some distance away. Obviously, the National Museum provides more opportunities for really enjoyable and informative pastime. Upon assessing both museum options from the point of view of their diversity, cultural variety, opportunities for active participation in learning and for shared enjoyment, it becomes obvious that the National Museum of India is the place to visit for our class. The variety of experiences it can offer suggests the idea that each student can find something appealing to his or her individuality in the National Museum. Therefore, this chance for everyone’s personal development increases the emotional and learning value of such a museum visit and arises a hope that we can share the enjoyment all together. This essay on National Indian Museum was written and submitted by user Omari Tucker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.